AFVR

Aggressive Fluid Vapor Recovery (AFVR) uses a mobile vacuum truck to remove free product from groundwater.

Yes

Bioremediation using lab-cultured microbes

Using lab cultured microbes to degrade petroleum products insitu (requires injection).  This process will also require evaluation and approval from the Underground Injection Control permitting section.

Considered case by case.

Bioremediation by injecting air, oxygenates or nutrients.

Providing oxygen or nutrients to existing microbes in the subsurface.  Anything other than air injected into the subsurface will require evaluation and approval from the Underground Injection Control permitting section.

Considered case by case.

Bioventing air injection

Low air flow rates (cfm) are INJECTED into unsaturated subsurface soils (enhances biodegradation)

Yes, only on soil stockpiles (exsitu)

Bioventing air extraction

Low air flow rates (cfm) are EXTRACTED from the unsaturated subsurface soils (volatilizes & biodegrades hydrocarbons)

Yes

Closed loop Bio-Sparge

Uses IAS and SVE technology, vapors recovered by SVE are cycled through a bioreactor/absorption tank and then air is reinjected back into the groundwater.

No

Dual Phase Extraction

Uses a pump to extract groundwater and soil vapors simultaneously from recovery wells.  Contaminated water is then treated by conventional methods.

Yes

Hydraulic Fracturing

Uses high pressure water and sand to cut a disk-shaped cavern into a saturated media to enhance permeability. 

Site-specific consideration

Ion Collider Technology

Water is pumped through an ion collider and sprayed on soil stockpiles to enhance oxidation of hydrocarbons. 

No

iSOC

iSOC®  (in-situ Submerged Oxygen Curtain) is a patented oxygen delivery technology that infuses high levels of oxygen into groundwater when suspended in monitoring wells. The proprietary structured polymer used in iSOC® contains hydrophobic microporous hollow fibers.

Yes

MPE or MMPE

Multi-phase extraction uses a vacuum system to remove various combinations of contaminated groundwater, free product (LNAPL), and vapors from the subsurface. The system lowers the water table around the well, exposing more of the formation. Contaminants in the newly exposed vadose zone are then accessible to vapor extraction. Once above ground, the extracted vapors or liquid-phase organics and ground water are separated and treated.  Mobile Multi-Phase Extraction (MMPE) uses a vacuum truck to do this, typically for 96 hours.

Yes

Natural Oil Vanish

Uses composted poultry waste with added microbes to enhance bioremediation of contaminated soil.

Yes, only on soil stockpiles (exsitu)

Oil Gator Bioremediation Product

Mixes modified cellulosic fibers, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and indigenous bacteria with ex-situ contaminated soils

Yes, only on soil stockpiles (exsitu)

Oxygen Releasing Compound (ORC)

Uses a media placed in groundwater wells or open excavations to increase dissolved oxygen in groundwater, thus enhancing natural attenuation.

Considered Case by Case

Petroclean Bioremediation System

Uses a bioreactor to pump and treat contaminants from the groundwater.  Treated water is then injected into the saturated and unsaturated soil by way of infiltration galleries.

No

Radio Frequency (RF) Heating

Rods driven into contaminated soil emit radio waves that generate heat and volatize hydrocarbons.

Yes

Recirculating wells

Uses large diameter wells to remove VOCs by recirculating contaminated groundwater while the negative pressure of the SVE volatilizes (strips) VOCs in water & soil.

Considered case by case

Soil bioremediation

Treats contaminated soil exsitu by mixing soil with nutrients and stockpiling (hydrocarbons are biodegraded).  Typical of land application.

Yes

Soil Vapor Extraction, SVE

Uses a vacuum pump to extract vapors (VOCs) by volatilization from unsaturated soils, also promotes biodegradation.  This technique can also be used to remove free product from the water table. 

Yes

SPPRS

Uses water displacement to overcome the head inside a well that forces free product to collect in a skimmer/canister, requires no power source.

Yes

Surfactants

Surfactants are used to reduce surface tension and break down hydrocarbons to enhance biodegradation and accelerate recovery.

Yes

SVE/IAS

Uses vacuum extraction from unsaturated zone & air injection of the saturated zone (volatilizes & biodegrades hydrocarbons)

Yes

Vacuum-Sparge

Uses vacuum to induce a negative pressure on multiple wells while raising the water table to promote bubbling in the groundwater (i.e., soil gas is extracted from the wells).

Yes